section review 2 chapter 13

1. Henry II; he reestablishs royal authority following the struggles over the thrown
2. John; because he was cruel, selfish and known for his treachery
3. It established many precendents of History
4. Simon de Montfort; 1265
5. Edward I
6. Because Edwards army was nearly annihilated
7. Edward I; bills
8. The house of Commons, the house of lords, and the hundreds year war
9. 1337 - 1453; English wins they won land
10. Richard II; Henry IV deposed him and took the throne
11. Henry VI went insane and the House of York desputed with Lancasters and began the war
12. 1485; henry tudor won and became henry VII

Identify:
Richard I- the kind who loved the crusades....called the Lion Hearted
Eleanor of Aquitaine - When richard left she maintained the realm, also Richards mother
Constitution- rules for exercise and restraint of governmental power
Henry III- king of England in 1216
Wales- highland region west of england

Chapter 13 Section Review 1

1. France Spain England Portugal
2. The Celts, The Anglo-Saxsons
3. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes
4. Augustine 664
5. They had parts of the bible in their own language
6. Alfred- Code of Law
7. William the Conqueror. 1066
8. He increased his power.
9. The language became French, Political positions of power
10. Henry I. Charter of Liberties, Exchequer

England- One of the 4 great colonies during the middle ages
Scops- Chanted war poems and stories to the tribes
Beowulf- Greatest Saxon Poem
Archbishop of Canebury- St. Augustine
Danes- Vikings
Danelaw- Danes to the Northeast area of England
London- Important town
Canute the Dane- King of england after Alfred
Harold- Powerful king of england
Norman Conquest- The normans conquered england
Census- A count of people and property
Domesday book- Day of Judgement.

Chapter 12 Study Guide

feudalism-W ay of life based on ownership and use of land
fief- They worked the land
lord- Owned the land
vassal- Used the land but agreed to be in the lords army
knight- Appionted warriors that fought for the king
chivalry- Code of honor that knights had to swear to
heraldry- Colorful, unique symbols, Similar to a Coat of Arms
castle- Heavily fortified dwellings built for nobles
joust- A sport played betwwen knights
tournament- jousting that lasted an entire day
manor- Estates that belonged to the nobles
serf- Farmers that worked on the manors
Truce of God- No fighting on sundays
Peace of God-
burg- community of traviling merchants
middle class- Burgers, between nobility and peasents
trade fair- Merchants from all over
guild- Consisted of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen
black death- Form of Bubonic Plague, 25 million people died in europe between 1334-1351(almost half of the European pop)
Chaucer- He wrote Cantiberry Tails
trivium- Grammer, Rhetoric, and logic, part of the medieval cirriculum
quadrivium- Arithmetic, music, Geometry, and Astronomy, Part of the Medieval Cirriculum
scholasticism- Theology, and Greek Philosophy, Most schools were under authority of the Roman Catholic Church
Brethren of the Common Life- Christian group
humanism- intese interests in the subject of humanities
patron- donated money to the arts
Sistine Chapel- Chapel Michalangelo played in
Medicis- Powerfull and influential Flourintine family
Thomas Aquinas-called a "dumb ox", but had a brilliant mind

William of Ockham educated at Oxford. && said Bible was the ultimate
authority.

John Wycliffe- Translated the Bible into their formal language
John Huss- Student of Whcliffe
Gerhard Groote
Dante wrote Divine Comedy. && one of the few pieces of Medieval literature

Petrarch- Father of Huminism

Bocaccio-wrote "The Decameron"
Michelangelo-"Renaissance Man" most famous paintings would be Sistine Chapel and The Last Supper && He was supported by the Medici Family.
Flanders-
Machiavelli-wrote "The Prince"
Giotto-Famous Artist of the Italian Renaissance
DaVinci-Famous Artist of the Italian Renaissance &&
painted the Mona Lisa
Prague-Famous Artist of the Italian Renaissance

Section 12

Chapter 12 section review 1

1.) based upon the ownership and use of land
2.) A lord - a person who permitted another man A vessel - a man who used it in return for certain promised services
3.) A castle was difficult to attack. Devices had to be used that could hurl stones and arrows and other projectiles over the high wall
4.) Jousts, Tournaments, Falconry, Minstrels
5.) The farmers of the manors, the nobles were richer than that of the peasants
6.) Truce of God , and Peace of God
Identify
Feudalism - The new system of government arose in Medieval Europe
King - at the top of feudal system in each Western European kingdom
crown land - parts of the land
Knight - those nobles promised to provide the king a specific number
Chivalry- Knights code of honor
Heraldry- Code of arms
Manor- Estates that belong to the nobles
Demense-The serf had to work two or three days each week in the lords field

Middle Ages

Chapter 9/10 Test

People
1.Messiah- The "Anointed One" of God
5.Domitian- Responsible for the second great persecution of Christians, Proclaimed himself Dominus et Deus. Demanded to be worshiped
9. Marcus Aurelius- Responsible for the 4th great Christian persecution. Ardent hater of Christians
13.Irenaeus- Pupil of Ploycarp, Bishop of Lyons of Gaul. Was martyred
17. Origen- Christian philosopher and theologin from Alexandria escaped the persecution under Maximinus Thrax
21. Diocletian, The 10 greatest persecution of Christians came under the Reforming emporer
Maximian- Proclaimed himself along with Diocletian offically Dominus Noster( Our Lord).
25. Aristides- Christian apologist of the early church period
29.Athanasius- Argued for the true diety of Christ at the counsil of Nicaea
33. Theodocious I- Ruled from 379-395 AD. Made Christianity the only legal faith.

Terms
Synagogues- Jewish local place of worship
Gentiles- Non-Jews
Proselytes- Jewish converts
Martyr- Person killed for their faith
Book of Revalation- recorded prophetic visions know as the Apocalypse. Wrote by John.
Catacombs- Subteranian galleries beneath the ciy of Rome
Edict of Milan- Extended legal protection and recognition to Christians throught the empire
Church Fathers- Godly and able men who eexponded on Scriptures, defended faith, champion of Christ
apologist- Christian writers who defended the christian faith
Monarchianism- Denied the doctrine of the Trinity
Latin Vulgate- Common Vernacular
Creeds- Confessions of faith
Apostles Creed- The earliest creed developed between the 2nd and 5th centuries
Nicene Creed- Rejected the taching of Arianism.
Athansian Creed- 3rd great creed after the Nicene Creed
Counsil of Nicene- adopted the Nicene Creed in 325 AD
Aranism- False doctrine which denied the diety of Chirst

Chapter concepts
4. It created false christianity. People were only converting and worshiping God because they were forced by law.




Chapter 10

1. Justinian I- 1st great leader of the Byzantine Empire. Justintine the Great
3. Theodora- Justinians wife. Most famous woman of Byzantine history
5. Leo III- Ruled from 717-741 Ad. Destroyed all the painting in the churches.
10. Ottoman- New groups of turks who poured into asia minor during the 14th century

Places
1 Byzantium, Constantinople- Captial of Byzantine, Founded by Constatine. Stood beside the Bosporus
3. Hagia Sophia- Most magnificent church building of the middle ages

Terms
1 Cristiandome- portion of the world where christianity is the dominant religion
3. Greek Fire- Byzantine flamethrower
4. Iconoclastic Contovery- Image destoryer

Chapter concept
1. survived the fall of the western empire of 476, endured through the middle ages. Had a sound monatary system a flourishing trade with Persian and the Orient. Strong Navy. Principles of Law and Order and elements of morality and virtue among its people.

Chapter 9 Section Review 3

1. Clemente of Rome, Ignatius, Polycarp, and Papias
2. Aristids, Iranies, Athanesius
3. Iranies against all heresies
4. Tertullian
5. Origen
6.He translated the scriptures out of hebrew and greek into the common bible of eraly western church, the latin vulgate
7. Ambrose and John Chrysoston
8. Augustine, Confessions and City of God
9. Apostles Creed, Nicean Creed, Anthasian
10.325 AD, Constantinople. Ephesus. Chalcedon
11. Theodosius. It created Fake cristians, It made it good

Church Fathers- Preachers and teachers that god raised up to defend faith
apologists- those who attempted to reasonably defend christianity against pagan defamations
Gnosticism- Combined elements of greek philosiphy
Monarchism- Denied the monarchy of the trinity
Creed- Confessions of faith
Arianism- A false doctrine which denied the diety of Christ